Publications

Zhu, LY; Jiang, XY; Zhao, LF; Qu, H; Sun, WB; Ban, HB (2025). Changes in remotely sensed Forel-Ule Index for the coastal seas of Japan, 2013-2023. EARTH SCIENCE INFORMATICS, 18(1), 57.

Abstract
This study investigates the spatial and temporal distribution of FUI and its changes in Japan and its coastal seas from 2013 to 2023 using the Google Earth Engine platform, analyzes the reasons for these changes and provides corresponding recommendations. The results indicate that during this decade, the FUI values in Japan and its coastal seas mainly range from 10 to 15, showing a spatial distribution of relatively high FUI values in the south and relatively low values in the north. Additionally, FUI exhibits obvious seasonality, with values in autumn and winter significantly higher than those in spring and summer, in the order of autumn > winter > spring > summer. From 2013 to 2023, the sea surface temperature has shown an increasing trend, characterized by a similar spatial distribution: high in the south and low in the north, akin to the distribution of FUI. Compared to the period from 2013 to 2018, the changes in FUI from 2018 to 2023 are more positive, indicating a decline in the quality of water bodies in Japan and its coastal seas.

DOI:
10.1007/s12145-024-01507-z

ISSN:
1865-0481